SUGAR CROPS RESEARCH PROGRAM

NARC, Islamabad

INTRODUCTION

The Coordinated Research Program on Sugar Crops was initiated in 1982 at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) initially with 3 Provincial Units: i) Sugarcane Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad (Punjab), ii) Sugar Crops Research Institute, Mardan, (NWFP) and Agricultural Research Institute, Tandojam (Sindh). Later on, research activities of Sugar Crops Research Program were extended to Balochistan, and the 4th Provincial Sugar Crops Research Unit was established at Govt. Seed Farm, Usta Muhammad in 1996. However, no sugar mill was established during that period in Balochistan, and disposal of sugar crops became a serious problem that affected the research activities of the provincial unit on large scale. Therefore, the unit in Balochistan was closed and all research resources were shifted to Quaid-e-Awam Agricultural Research Institute (QAARI), Larkana (Sindh) in 2002. Then, the 5th Provincial Coordinating Unit of Sugar Crops was established at Sugarcane Breeding Station Dargai, (Malakand Agency) in 2002 to cover ecology of northern part of NWFP. Later on, the 6th Provincial Coordinating Unit was established in 2003 at Agricultural Research Institute, D. I. Khan (NWFP) to cover Southern Ecology of NWFP after opening of Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC).

Crop Importance

Sugar in Pakistan is manufactured from cane and beet, although cane is the main and overwhelming raw material used. There is about 1 million hectares of land under cane and beet in four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, North West Frontier Province (NWFP), and Baluchistan. Punjab and Sindh, cane-growing areas, contribute with about 90 percent of the total area and production.

Sugarcane is an important cash crop in many tropical and sub tropical countries accounts for over 2/3 of world sugar production. In Pakistan, sugarcane is an important and high value cash crop. It is mainly grown for sugar and sugar related production. It is an important source of income and employment for the farming community of the country. The sugar industry plays a pivotal role in the national economy of our country. Sugarcane provides sugar, besides bio fuel, fiber, organic fertilizer, chipboard, paper and many other by-products / co-products with ecological sustainability. Its share in value added of agriculture and gross domestic production are 3.7 percent and 0.8 percent, respectively. During 2010-11 season sugarcane was cultivated on an area of 1.241 million hectares, 20.6 percent higher than the previous year. Sugarcane production for the year 2011-12 is estimated at 58.0 million tons in contrast to last year’s production 55.3 million tons. This indicates significant improvement of 16.8 percent over the production of last year.

Sugar beet is grown and processed in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP). Sugar beet is an important sugar crop in the world. It provides almost 30% of the world sugar for human consumption. Table 8 describes the important beet growing countries and their yield potentials. Sugar beet is also an important cash and sugar crop of Khyber Pakhtoon Khawah (KPK). It is considered to be an alternate sugar crop of the region. The crop has the peculiarity of giving as much yield per acre as that of sugar cane but with 20-25 percent higher recovery just in 7 months crop season. Thus sugar beet ensures higher sugar production per acre per month.

Statistics

Top ten sugarcane producers (2009-FAO)

Country	Production (Million Tons)
Brazil	672.157
India	285.029
People’s Republic of China	116.251
Thailand	66.816
Pakistan	50.045
Mexico	49.492
Colombia	38.500
Philippines	32.500
Australia	30.284
Argentina	29.000
World	1,743.068

Area, production and yield of sugar beet in the world

Country	Area (000 ha)	Production (000 ton)	Yield (ton/hectare)
Germany	387	25,919	67.4
France	373	34,913	93.6
UK	140	8,330	59.5
Netherlands	73	5,735	78.6
Italy	61	3,308	54.2
Turkey	324	17,275	53.3
Poland	200	10,849	54.2
Russia	770	24,892	32.3
Ukraine	320	10,068	31.4
World	28,174	19,12,973	67.9

Sugarcane Plantation Area, Production Yield and Utilization of Sugarcane by Sugar Mills National

Year	Area Hectare	Production Tons	Yield Per Hectare	Utilization %age by Sugar Mills
1990-91	883,800	35,988,700	40.72	62.80
1991-92	879,800	34,204,000	38.90	72.49
1992-93	884,600	38,058,900	43.02	71.66
1993-94	962,800	44,427,000	46.14	76.93
1994-95	1,009,000	47,168,400	46.75	72.49
1995-96	963,100	45,229,700	47.00	62.24
1996-97	964,500	41,998,400	43.54	65.13
1997-98	1,056,200	53,104,200	50.28	77.32
1998-99	1,155,100	55,191,100	47.78	77.90
1999-00	1,009,800	42,000,000	41.59	69.00
2000-01	960,000	43,620,000	45.41	67.47
2001-02	999,700	48,041,000	48.06	76.33
2002-03	1,099,700	52,049,000	47.33	80.28
2003-04	1,074,700	53,800,000	50.00	81.19
2004-05	966,600	43,533,000	45.04	73.74
2005-06	906,980	44,292,000	48.80	67.94
2006-07	1,029,000	54,871,000	53.00	73.78
2007-08	1,241,300	63,920,000	51.49	82.60
2008-09	1,029,400	50,045,400	48.60	66.21
2009-10	942,870	49,372,900	52.36	70.09
2010-11	987,700	55,442,100	56.13	80.47

Punjab

Year	Area Hectare	Production Tons	Yield Per Hectare	Utilization %age by Sugar Mills
1990-91	525,600	19,633,400	37.35	61.60
1991-92	516,900	18,580,800	35.95	63.21
1992-93	536,100	20,044,800	37.39	67.02
1993-94	596,200	24,510,000	41.11	81.87
1994-95	656,700	28,268,000	43.00	74.20
1995-96	605,600	26,880,000	44.40	63.22
1996-97	604,200	24,010,200	39.74	67.86
1997-98	685,300	32,110,600	46.86	80.67
1998-99	780,300	33,382,800	42.78	78.12
1999-00	672,100	25,000,000	37.20	67.32
2000-01	615,000	26,740,000	43.48	67.57
2001-02	657,000	31,803,000	48.40	79.40
2002-03	735,000	33,169,000	45.12	83.15
2003-04	709,000	34,419,000	49.00	83.10
2004-05	645,000	29,332,000	45.47	77.65
2005-06	625,200	28,949,000	46.30	66.81
2006-07	712,000	37,542,000	53.00	70.85
2007-08	872,200	40,306,000	48.73	81.90
2008-09	666,500	32,294,700	48.50	64.02
2009-10	607,420	31,324,000	51.60	66.95
2010-11	672,200	37,481,000	55.75	74.37

Sindh

Year	Area Hectare	Production Tons	Yield Per Hectare	Utilization %age by Sugar Mills
1990-91	253,099	12,511,135	49.43	76.71
1991-92	255,280	14,240,476	55.78	83.00
1992-93	248,000	13,556,800	54.66	93.85
1993-94	265,800	15,420,000	58.01	84.51
1994-95	249,700	14,310,300	57.30	84.12
1995-96	254,400	13,737,200	54.00	75.28
1996-97	251,200	13,110,600	52.19	78.68
1997-98	261,600	15,990,600	61.16	86.58
1998-99	270,800	17,050,700	62.96	88.53
1999-00	230,600	12,100,000	51.27	83.99
2000-01	239,000	12,050,000	50.42	87.08
2001-02	241,000	11,416,000	47.37	89.90
2002-03	259,000	13,798,000	53.27	89.98
2003-04	260,000	14,612,000	56.00	88.90
2004-05	215,000	9,357,000	43.52	84.59
2005-06	183,180	11,243,000	61.40	81.67
2006-07	215,000	12,529,000	58.00	92.80
2007-08	308,800	18,793,900	60.86	89.05
2008-09	263,900	13,304,300	50.40	76.28
2009-10	233,950	13,505,400	57.70	85.04
2010-11	226,500	13,900,000	60.43	97.84

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Year	Area Hectare	Production Tons	Yield Per Hectare	Utilization %age by Sugar Mills
1990-91	104,600	4,516,100	43.17	20.18
1991-92	107,000	4,563,200	42.64	23.97
1992-93	99,900	4,428,400	44.33	25.25
1993-94	100,300	4,470,000	44.57	24.25
1994-95	102,100	4,562,200	44.70	25.86
1995-96	102,500	4,583,000	44.70	17.84
1996-97	08,400	4,841,600	44.66	15.38
1997-98	108,600	4,956,500	45.64	26.30
1998-99	03,300	4,719,500	45.68	38.53
1999-00	06,300	4,900,000	46.10	26.40
2000-01	06,000	4,800,000	45.28	17.64
2001-02	01,000	4,787,000	47.40	26.94
2002-03	05,000	5,049,000	48.08	35.40
2003-04	05,000	4,745,000	45.00	43.53
2004-05	06,000	4,816,000	45.43	29.26
2005-06	98,600	4,100,000	41.60	38.23
2006-07	102,000	4,800,000	47.00	46.98
2007-08	04,800	4,792,000	45.73	62.11
2008-09	98,200	4,408,500	44.09	52.48
2009-10	100,800	4,507,900	44.70	47.77
2010-11	88,400	4,030,300	45.59	75.31

Beet Sugar Production, Beet Sliced Sugar Made & Recovery by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Sugar Mills

Year	No of Mills	Beet Sliced Tons	Sugar Made Tons	Recoveries (%)
1990-91	03	282,103	23,312	8.26
1991-92	03	314,758	29,009	9.21
1992-93	03	214,950	18,916	8.80
1993-94	04	242,482	21,933	9.05
1994-95	04	193,595